RNA modifications have become hot topics recently. By influencing RNA processes,
including generation, transportation, function, and metabolization, they act as critical …

Success with B cell depletion using rituximab has proven the concept that B lineage cells
represent a valid target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and has promoted the …

Chronic inflammation predisposes tissue to cancer development; however, regulatory
mechanisms underlying recruitment of innate leukocytes toward developing neoplasms are …

Approximately 500 mya two types of recombinatorial adaptive immune systems appeared in
vertebrates. Jawed vertebrates generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen …

Recent years have witnessed a renaissance in the study of fish immune systems. Such
studies have greatly expanded the knowledge of the evolution and diversification of …

Background Inflammation is a critical component of normal tissue repair, as well as being
fundamental to the body's defense against infection. Environmental factors, such as …

Inflammation is a defense strategy against invading agents and harmful molecules that is
activated immediately following a stimulus, and involves the release of cytokines and …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by
the production of autoantibodies. However, the underlying cause of disease appears to …

Commensal bacteria in the intestine play an important role in the development of immune
response. These bacteria interact with cells of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) …

Since their discovery in 1998, the two TNF family members APRIL and BLyS/BAFF have
received increasing attention. In addition to regulating normal B-cell development and …