BACKGROUND First discovered in 1947, Zika virus (ZIKV) received little attention until a
surge in microcephaly cases was reported after a 2015 outbreak in Brazil. The size of the …

The ancient biological'arms race'between microbial pathogens and humans has shaped
genetic variation in modern populations, and this has important implications for the growing …

More than 20 years ago, Wood et al.(Curr Anthropol 33: 343–370, 1992) published “The
Osteological Paradox: Problems of Inferring Prehistoric Health from Skeletal Samples,” in …

The human genetic factors that affect resistance to infectious disease are poorly understood.
Here we report a genome-wide association study in 17,000 severe malaria cases and …

Personalized medicine strives to optimize drug treatment for the individual patient by taking
into account both genetic and non-genetic factors for drug response. Inflammation is one of …

In the 1950s the myxoma virus was released into European rabbit populations in Australia
and Europe, decimating populations and resulting in the rapid evolution of resistance. We …

Microbes are found on us, within us and around us. They inhabit virtually every environment
on the planet and the bacteria carried by an average human, mostly in their gut, outnumber …

Little is known about the inter-individual variation of cytokine responses to different
pathogens in healthy individuals. To systematically describe cytokine responses elicited by …

Until the mid-nineteenth century, life expectancy at birth averaged 20 years worldwide,
owing mostly to childhood fevers. The germ theory of diseases then gradually overcame the …

Since the start of the “modern era”, characterized by the increase in urbanization, a
progressive attention to hygiene and autoimmune conditions has considerably grown …