J. Neurochem.(2012) 120, 7–25. Abstract Iron, an essential element used for a multitude of
biochemical reactions, abnormally accumulates in the CNS of patients with multiple …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive central neurological disease characterized
by inflammation and demyelination. In patients with MS, dysregulation of the autonomic …

In 2006, Zamboni reintroduced the concept that chronic impaired venous outflow of the
central nervous system is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), coining the term of chronic …

The extra-cranial venous system is complex and not well studied in comparison to the
peripheral venous system. A newly proposed vascular condition, named chronic …

Objectives: To study blood flow characteristics through the internal jugular veins (IJVs) at the
cervical levels C2/C3 and C5/C6 in the neck of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods …

To systematically review the ultrasonographic criteria proposed for the diagnosis of chronic
cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). The authors analyzed the five ultrasonographic …

Purpose: To study the blood flow through the internal jugular veins (IJVs) of the MS
population. Materials and Methods: Two hundred MS patients and 14 normal volunteers …

Purpose of review: This article reviews vascular risk factors with specific emphasis on lipid
abnormalities reported to be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent findings: The …

This article discusses the biophysical aspects of venous outflow from the brain in healthy
individuals and in patients with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency. Blood flows out …

Objectives: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has recently been
implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). This comprehensive meta-analysis …