Approximately 5% of the world population is infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that
causes a necroinflammatory liver disease of variable duration and severity. Chronically …

In the mid-1980s, Mosmann, Coffman, and their colleagues discovered that murine CD4+
helper T-cell clones could be distinguished by the cytokines they synthesized. The isolation …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a noncytopathic virus, and the recognition of infected hepatocytes
by HBV-specific CD8 cells has been assumed to be the central mechanism causing both …

One striking clinical feature of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is that more than 50% of
patients with acute hepatitis C will develop chronic infection. To investigate its possible …

T cell proliferative responses to hepatitis B virus-encoded envelope antigen (S+ preS2+
preS1), recombinant core antigen (HBcAg), and natural hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were …

The cytokine pattern secreted by T cells on viral antigen recognition is believed to exert a
profound influence on both the type of disease caused by the infecting agent and the final …

Several lines of experimental evidence suggest that inclusion of core sequences in the
hepatitis B vaccine may represent a feasible strategy to increase the efficacy of the …

Experimental T‐cell‐mediated hepatitis induced by concanavalin A (Con A) involves the
production of proinflammatory cytokines. Because interleukin (IL)‐10 is a potent anti …

The significance of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) for TNF function in vivo is well
documented, whereas the role of TNFR2 so far remains obscure. In a model of concanavalin …

We have recently developed the technology to identify and characterize the human
histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-restricted, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte …