Cellular DNA is continuously transcribed into RNA by multisubunit RNA polymerases
(RNAPs). The continuity of transcription can be disrupted by DNA lesions that arise from the …

Multi-subunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerases synthesize all classes of cellular RNAs,
ranging from short regulatory transcripts to gigantic messenger RNAs. RNA polymerase has …

RNA polymerase is a ratchet machine that oscillates between productive and backtracked
states at numerous DNA positions. Since its first description 15 years ago, backtracking—the …

Gene expression in organisms involves many factors and is tightly controlled. Although
much is known about the initial phase of transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), the …

Regulatory sequences or erroneous incorporations during DNA transcription cause RNA
polymerase backtracking and inactivation in all kingdoms of life. Reactivation requires RNA …

Cancerous and aging cells have long been thought to be impacted by transcription errors
that cause genetic and epigenetic changes. Until now, a lack of methodology for directly …

For transcription elongation, all cellular RNA polymerases form a stable elongation complex
(EC) with the DNA template and the RNA transcript. Since the millennium, a wealth of …

Summary DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) accomplishes multiple tasks during
transcription by assuming different structural forms. Reportedly, the" tight" form performs …

Collisions between paused transcription elongation complexes and replication forks
inevitably happen, which may lead to collapse of replication fork and could be detrimental to …

Pausing of transcription is an important step of regulation of gene expression in bacteria and
eukaryotes. Here we uncover a factor‐independent mechanism of transcription pausing …