Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive disease associated with neuronal cell
death that is thought to involve aberrant immune responses. Here we investigated the role of …

Background Monocyte subpopulations distinguished by differential expression of chemokine
receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1 are difficult to track in vivo, partly due to lack of CCR2 …

Myeloid cells in the central nervous system (CNS), such as microglia, CNS-associated
macrophages (CAMs), dendritic cells and monocytes, are vital for steady-state immune …

Immune cells mediate critical inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes in the CNS in
individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, activated microglia, border-associated …

As immune sentinels of the central nervous system (CNS), microglia not only respond
rapidly to pathological conditions but also contribute to homeostasis in the healthy brain. In …

Along with microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages, macrophages in the perivascular
space, choroid plexus, and meninges are the principal effector cells in neuroinflammatory …

The development of the mononuclear phagocyte system requires macrophage colony-
stimulating factor (CSF-1) signaling through the CSF-1 receptor (CSF1R, CD115). We …

Macrophages originating from the yolk sac or bone marrow play essential roles in tissue
homeostasis and disease. Bone marrow-derived monocytes differentiate into Ly6Chi and …

Inflammatory monocyte-derived effector cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of
numerous inflammatory diseases. However, no treatment option exists that is capable of …

Autoimmune disease, caused by unwanted immune responses to self-antigens, affects
millions of people each year and poses a great social and economic burden to individuals …