Contemporary studies have completely changed the view of brain immunity from envisioning
the brain as isolated and inaccessible to peripheral immune cells to an organ in close …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central
nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune …

The central nervous system is lined by meninges, classically known as dura, arachnoid, and
pia mater. We show the existence of a fourth meningeal layer that compartmentalizes the …

The concept of immune privilege suggests that the central nervous system is isolated from
the immune system. However, recent studies have highlighted the borders of the central …

Decades of research have characterized diverse immune cells surveilling the CNS. More
recently, the discovery of osseous channels (so-called 'skull channels') connecting the …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the subarachnoid space around the brain has long been known
to drain through the lymphatics to cervical lymph nodes,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,–, but the connections and …

CNS-resident macrophages—including parenchymal microglia and border-associated
macrophages (BAMs)—contribute to neuronal development and health, vascularization, and …

Myeloid cells in the central nervous system (CNS), such as microglia, CNS-associated
macrophages (CAMs), dendritic cells and monocytes, are vital for steady-state immune …

High neonatal susceptibility to meningitis has been attributed to the anatomical barriers that
act to protect the central nervous system (CNS) from infection being immature and not fully …

The mechanisms of communication between the brain and the immune cells are still largely
unclear. Here, we characterize the populations of resident natural killer (NK) cells and innate …