Cancer has become the most common cause of death in China. Owing to rapid economic
development, improved livelihood, and shifts in risk factors, cancer epidemiology has …

Objective To review and synthesise the global evidence regarding the health effects of
electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes, vapes). Study design Umbrella review (based on major …

As a leading behavioral risk factor for numerous health outcomes, smoking is a major
ongoing public health challenge. Although evidence on the health effects of smoking has …

Eligible individuals were mailed an invitation, an information leaflet, the Study questionnaire,
a consent form and a reply-paid envelope. Participants who completed the questionnaire …

Importance Patterns of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation vary considerably across
demographic groups in the US, but there is limited evidence on whether the hazards of …

Background Association of cigarette smoking habits with the risk of prostate cancer is still a
matter of debate. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association …

Lung cancer represents one of the most common neoplasms and the main cause of cancer‑
associated death worldwide. Its relationship with different risk factors such as tobacco, which …

Background Overweight and obesity is a growing public health issue as it contributes to the
future burden of obesity-related diseases, including cancer, especially in high-income …

Simple Summary Lung cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases in both morphology
and molecular subtypes. There are two main histological categories of lung cancer: small …

International Journal of Epidemiology, 2023, 984–992 https://doi. org/10.1093/ije/dyad059
Advance Access Publication Date: 16 May 2023 Opinion as evidenced by common reported …