Cellular hypoxia occurs when the demand for sufficient molecular oxygen needed to
produce the levels of ATP required to perform physiological functions exceeds the vascular …

Epidemiological evidence links an individual's susceptibility to chronic disease in adult life to
events during their intrauterine phase of development. Biologically this should not be …

Preservation of aerobic fitness and skeletal muscle strength through exercise training can
ameliorate metabolic dysfunction and prevent chronic disease. These benefits are mediated …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mainly includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative
colitis (UC). Immune disorders play an essential role in the pathogenesis of these two IBDs …

High-altitude illnesses (HAIs) result from acute exposure to high altitude/hypoxia. Numerous
molecular mechanisms affect appropriate acclimatization to hypobaric and/or normobaric …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major kidney disease characterized by an abrupt loss of renal
function. Accumulating evidence indicates that incomplete or maladaptive repair after AKI …

Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to osteoarthritis (OA) and disc degeneration. Hypoxia
inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mediated mitophagy has a protective role in several diseases …

Regular exercise has multi-system anti-aging effects. Here we summarize how exercise
impacts the major hallmarks of aging. We propose that, besides searching for novel …

The complexity of human DNA has been affected by aerobic metabolism, including
endurance exercise and oxygen toxicity. Aerobic endurance exercise could play an …

Eukaryotic cells require sufficient oxygen (O2) for biological activity and survival. When the
oxygen demand exceeds its supply, the oxygen levels in local tissues or the whole body …