COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a heterogeneous disease associated with
significant morbidity and mortality. Current diagnostic criteria based on the presence of fixed …

The proper drug choice determines the treatment quality for a disease. The
pharmacotherapeutic strategy for respiratory diseases often involves the combination of …

Background Asthma is caused by both environmental and genetic factors. The ADRB2 gene,
which encodes the beta 2-adrenergic receptor, is one of the most extensively studied genes …

ABSTRACT Short-acting β2-agonists (SABAs) and long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) are both
important for treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) …

Background Alterations of B2 adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR) can modulate the severity of
asthma and the response to treatment. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate β 2 AR gene …

Vitamin D metabolites are important immune-modulatory hormones and are able to
suppress Th2-mediated allergic airway disease. Some genetic factors that may contribute to …

Background and objective: Adrenergic β2 receptors (ADRB2) play an important role in
regulating pulmonary function. Many previous studies have investigated possible …

Inhaled β2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonists are the mainstay of asthma therapy. The β2-
AR protein is encoded by the ADRB2gene and variants within this gene can have significant …

Background: There has been no report that investigated β 2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2)
gene polymorphism in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) …

Introduction: Parasympathetic neurons utilize the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to modulate
and constrict airway smooth muscles at the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Inhaled …