The mechanisms of two programmed cell death pathways, autophagy, and apoptosis, are
extensively focused areas of research in the context of cancer. Both the catabolic pathways …

Calcium is an important second messenger involved in intra-and extracellular signaling
cascades and plays an essential role in cell life and death decisions. The Ca 2+ signaling …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive cellular program used by eukaryotic
cells to cope with protein misfolding stress. During tumor development, cancer cells are …

Highly sophisticated mechanisms that modulate protein structure and function, which involve
synthesis and degradation, have evolved to maintain cellular homeostasis. Perturbations in …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle critical for the proper folding
and assembly of secreted and transmembrane proteins. Perturbations of ER functions cause …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is induced by proteotoxic stress of the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER). Here we report that ATF6, a major mammalian UPR sensor, is also activated …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, and it
is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra …

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are routinely produced at several sites within
the organelle. The balance in their formation and elimination is maintained by a complex …

Rheumatic diseases represent a heterogeneous group of inflammatory conditions, many of
which involve chronic activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses by multiple …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been linked to many diseases, including cancer. A
large body of work has focused on the activation of the ER stress response in cancer cells to …