Macrophages exist in various tissues, several body cavities, and around mucosal surfaces
and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens …

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic cellular process that exerts antiviral
functions during a viral invasion. However, co-evolution and co-adaptation between viruses …

In dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), LCN2 (lipocalin 2) is upregulated. Whereas
LCN2 has been implicated in AMD pathogenesis, the mechanism remains unknown. Here …

Background Chronic inflammatory pain significantly reduces the quality of life and lacks
effective interventions. In recent years, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (huc …

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3
(NLRP3) is an intracellular innate immune receptor that recognizes a diverse range of …

Recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulated
neuroinflammatory pathways are involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive …

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction play critical role in the
pathogenic process of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitophagy plays central role in …

Irisin protects the cardiovascular system against vascular diseases. However, its role in
chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated vascular calcification (VC) and the underlying …

Increasing evidence suggests that the failure of clinical antidepressants may be related with
neuroinflammation. The NOD-, LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) …

Gout arthritis (GA) is a common and curable type of inflammatory arthritis that has been
attributed to a combination of genetic, environmental and metabolic factors. Chronic …