The present study examined whether younger observers (kindergartners, second graders,
and fourth graders) could extract relative weight information from collisions and also lifting …

5-and 8-year-olds were presented a causal inference task under varying conditions of
necessity and sufficiency. It was found that both variables affected the causal statements of …

Research in causal reasoning and probability judgment indicates that children may show
some simple understanding of event covariations by the early elementary school years. The …

The literature on children's causal reasoning indicates that the belief that causes precede
their effects in time develops relatively late, sometime during the concrete operational …

Abstract 82 graduate students, 33 1st graders, and 31 5th graders were presented with
information about situations in which one child either helped someone (kindness) or gave …

Four experiments investigated the role of information value, or stimulus validity, in human
electrodermal conditioning. Conditioned stimuli (CSs) were long, variable duration (10-50 …

Examined the development of 3 schemes for the attribution of psychological events to
multiple causes, using a total of 108 5-, 9-, and 13-yr-olds. Ss were presented with a number …

Examines the literature on the development of causal reasoning about social and physical
phenomena. Contrary to previous claims, causal reasoning is neither identical nor …

Abstract Reasoning about bivariate data, or covariational reasoning, has been identified as
important to develop in introductory statistics students. With more students taking …

Students reveal a variety of alternative conceptions that are substantially different from the
scientifically accepted explanations for a multitude of science concepts. A rich literature …