Angiogenesis is the growth of new capillaries from the preexisting blood vessels.
Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly vascularized tumors, and glioma growth depends on …

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) plays a
fundamental role in the regulation of bone organogenesis through the activation of receptor …

TGF-β signaling controls a plethora of cellular responses and figures prominently in animal
development. Recent cellular, biochemical, and structural studies have revealed significant …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent regulatory cytokine with diverse effects on
hemopoietic cells. The pivotal function of TGF-β in the immune system is to maintain …

Epithelial and hematopoietic cells have a high turnover and their progenitor cells divide
continuously, making them prime targets for genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to cell …

Cell proliferation, differentiation and death are controlled by a multitude of cell? cell signals,
and loss of this control has devastating consequences. Prominent among these regulatory …

Mature tubular epithelial cells in adult kidney can undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition (EMT), a phenotypic conversion that is fundamentally linked to the pathogenesis of …

Transforming Growth Factor-beta in the Liver: Structure, Processing and Function 3. TGF-
beta Signal Transduction in Liver Cells 4. Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation 5. TGF-beta and …

Synapses, as fundamental units of the neural circuitry, enable complex behaviors. The
neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a synapse type that forms between motoneurons and …

Smad proteins transduce signals from transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily
ligands that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and death through activation of receptor …