The purpose of this statement is to describe and define the phenotypic abnormalities that
can be identified on visual and quantitative evaluation of computed tomographic (CT) …

Importance Airflow obstruction on spirometry is universally used to define chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), and current or former smokers without airflow obstruction may …

Abstract Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) phenotypes have become
increasingly recognized as important for grouping patients with similar presentation and/or …

Background Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are characterized by
persistent airway inflammation and airflow limitation. Early detection of these diseases in …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity
around the world. The diagnosis od COPD is based on the presence of clinical symptoms …

Background Thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans are widely performed in clinical
practice, often leading to detection of airway or parenchymal abnormalities in asymptomatic …

Background Smokers have increased cell concentration in the lower respiratory tract
indicating a chronic inflammatory state, which in some individuals may lead to development …

Background Computed tomography (CT) phenotypic characterization helps in
understanding the clinical diversity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) …

Rationale Severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) is very uncommon in COPD, and a distinct
phenotype has been hypothesised. We aimed to evaluate whether CT can help to recognise …

Background: Little is known about factors associated with emphysema progression in
cigarette smokers. We evaluated factors associated with change in emphysema and forced …