The ventral tegmental area dopamine (VTA-DA) mesolimbic circuit processes emotional,
motivational, and social reward associations together with their more demanding cognitive …

This paper is the forty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …

Opioids are substances derived from opium (natural opioids). In its raw state, opium is a
gummy latex extracted from Papaver somniferum. The use of opioids and their negative …

Abstract Nociceptin/orphanin-FQ (N/OFQ) is a recently appreciated critical opioid peptide
with key regulatory functions in several central behavioral processes including motivation …

Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17-residue neuropeptide that binds the nociceptin
opioid-like receptor (NOP). N/OFQ exhibits nucleotidic and aminoacidics sequence …

The opioid G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) strongly modulate many of the central
nervous system structures that contribute to major neurological and psychiatric disorders …

Opioid receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that regulate activity within
peripheral, subcortical and cortical circuits involved in pain, reward, and aversion …

The nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor and its endogenous ligand
nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) are the fourth members of the opioid receptor and opioid …

Abstract The Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide and its receptor NOP are highly
expressed within several regions of the mesolimbic system, including the ventral tegmental …

Background and Purpose The nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ)–nociceptin opioid‐like
peptide (NOP) receptor system is widely distributed in the brain and pharmacological …