TGF-β is extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In fibrotic lesions, spatially
restricted generation of bioactive TGF-β from latent stores requires the cooperation of …

Fibroblasts are cells present throughout the human body that are primarily responsible for
the production and maintenance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the tissues. They …

The members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily are essential
regulators of cell differentiation, phenotype and function, and have been implicated in the …

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is the most potent pro-fibrogenic cytokine and its
expression is increased in almost all of fibrotic diseases. Although signaling through Smad …

Asthma is chronic inflammation of the airways characterized by airway hyper-
responsiveness, wheezing, cough, and dyspnea. Asthma affects> 350 million people …

Neutrophils play a critical role in the host defense against bacterial and fungal infections, but
their inappropriate activation also contributes to tissue damage during autoimmune and …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a central mediator of fibrogenesis. TGF-β is
upregulated and activated in fibrotic diseases and modulates fibroblast phenotype and …

Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) associates with a tissue signature for high transforming growth
factor (TGF)-β signaling but is often caused by heterozygous mutations in genes encoding …

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is often misregulated during
cancer progression. In early stages of tumorigenesis, TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor by …

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine protein kinase, has been
reported to show essential roles in molecular pathophysiology of many diseases …