RNA is the fundamental information transfer system in the cell. The ability to follow single
messenger RNAs (mRNAs) from transcription to degradation with fluorescent probes gives …

Many experiments show that the numbers of mRNA and protein are proportional to the cell
volume in growing cells. However, models of stochastic gene expression often assume …

Gene expression variability in mammalian systems plays an important role in physiological
and pathophysiological conditions. This variability can come from differential regulation …

Diverse biological systems utilize fluctuations (" noise") in gene expression to drive lineage-
commitment decisions. However, once a commitment is made, noise becomes detrimental to …

Gene-expression bimodality, as a potential mechanism generating phenotypic cell diversity,
can enhance the survival of cells in a fluctuating environment. Previous studies have shown …

Gene expression is a stochastic process. Despite the increase of protein numbers in
growing cells, the protein concentrations are often found to be confined within small ranges …

Recent superresolution microscopy studies in E. coli demonstrate that the cytoplasm has
highly variable local concentrations where macromolecular crowding plays a central role in …

Protein expression in a single cell depends on its global physiological state. Moreover,
genetically-identical cells exhibit variability (noise) in protein expression, arising from the …

Episodic gene expression, with periods of high expression separated by periods of no
expression, is a pervasive biological phenomenon. This bursty pattern of expression draws …

ABSTRACT HIV infection requires lifelong antiretroviral therapy because of the persistence
of latently infected CD4+ T cells. The induction of virus expression from latently infected cells …