The nervous and immune systems have evolved in parallel from the early bilaterians, in
which innate immunity and a central nervous system (CNS) coexisted for the first time, to …

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system. Once thought to be primarily driven by T cells, B cells are emerging as central …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system
(CNS), with characteristic inflammatory lesions and demyelination. The clinical benefit of cell …

Antigen-specific B-cell ELISPOT and multicolor FluoroSpot assays, in which the membrane-
bound antigen itself serves as the capture reagent for the antibodies that B cells secrete …

Memory B cells (Bmem) provide the second wall of adaptive humoral host defense upon
specific antigen rechallenge when the first wall, consisting of preformed antibodies …

Growing evidence indicates that B cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple
sclerosis (MS). B cells occupy distinct central nervous system (CNS) compartments in MS …

Assessment of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious agents is typically
restricted to detecting antigen-specific antibodies in the serum. Rarely does immune …

In individuals who have once developed humoral immunity to an infectious/foreign antigen,
the antibodies present in their body can mediate instant protection when the antigen re …

Background MP4-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse
model of multiple sclerosis (MS), which enables targeted research on B cells, currently much …

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory degenerative condition of the central nervous system
that may result in debilitating disability. Several studies over the past twenty years suggest …