Vector-borne transmitted helminthic zoonosis affects the health and economy of both
developing and developed countries. The concept of episystem includes the set of …

Canine heartworm disease affects nearly 45% of dogs in endemic regions of the United
States (Atkins, 2005). There are concerns that the chronic use of macrocyclic lactone (ML) …

Vector-borne diseases are a resurgent focus in public health. As concern about climate
change mounts, the close relationship between these diseases and the environment has …

Dirofilarioses are diseases caused by spirurid nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria, which are
transmitted by several mosquito species. The most important species causing dirofilariosis in …

Tick-borne hemopathogens are aetiological agents of a spectrum of emerging and re-
emerging vector borne diseases of dogs that include Babesia, Theileria, Ehrlichia …

Over the last few decades, ecological factors, combined with everchanging landscapes
mainly linked to human activities (eg encroachment and tourism) have contributed to …