Opioids are the oldest and most potent drugs for the treatment of severe pain. Their clinical
application is undisputed in acute (eg, postoperative) and cancer pain, but their long-term …

Opioid receptors comprise μ (MOP), δ (DOP), κ (KOP), and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOP)
receptors. Opioids are agonists of MOP, DOP, and KOP receptors, whereas …

Opioids are the most effective drugs for the treatment of severe pain, but they also cause
addiction and overdose deaths, which have led to a worldwide opioid crisis. Therefore, the …

The treatment of severe pain with opioids has thus far been limited by their unwanted central
side effects. Recent research promises new approaches, including opioid analgesics acting …

Introduction: Opioids are the oldest and most potent drugs for the treatment of severe pain,
but they are burdened by detrimental side effects such as respiratory depression, addiction …

Background Osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disease and the leading cause
of pain and physical disability in older people. Opioids may be a viable treatment option if …

This review summarizes recent findings on peripheral mechanisms underlying the
generation and inhibition of pain. The focus is on events occurring in peripheral injured …

Localized inflammation of a rat's hindpaw elicits an accumulation of beta-endorphin-(END)
containing immune cells. We investigated the production, release, and antinociceptive …

The concept that the immune system can communicate with peripheral sensory neurons to
modulate pain is based mostly on documented interactions between opioid ligands and …

Objective We aimed to assess the safety of opioids in the management of osteoarthritis (OA)
in a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Methods …