In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), the inhibitory strength of chloride (Cl−)-
permeable GABAA and glycine receptors (GABAAR and GlyR) depends on the intracellular …

Chloride homeostasis has a pivotal role in controlling neuronal excitability in the adult brain
and during development. The intracellular concentration of chloride is regulated by the …

Hyperexcitability in sensory neurons is known to underlie many of the maladaptive changes
associated with persistent pain. Chemogenetics has shown promise as a means to suppress …

Cl−-sensitive with-no-lysine kinase (WNK) plays a key role in regulating the thiazide-
sensitive Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). Cl− enters …

Neuropathic pain is a widespread chronic pain state that results from injury to the nervous
system. Spinal microglia play a causative role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain …

Insights into chloride regulation in neurons have come slowly, but they are likely to be critical
for our understanding of how the brain works. The reason is that the intracellular Cl-level ([Cl …

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which is synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus
(PVN) of the hypothalamus, plays an important role in the endocrine stress response. The …

Several reports have described excitatory GABA transmission in the suprachiasmatic
nucleus (SCN), the master pacemaker of circadian physiology. However, there is …

The advent of optogenetics and genetically encoded photosensors has provided
neuroscience researchers with a wealth of new tools and methods for examining and …

Monitoring of the intracellular concentrations of Cl− and H+ requires sensitive probes that
allow reliable quantitative measurements without perturbation of cell functioning. For these …