The present review paper focuses on the chemistry of oxidative stress mitigation by
antioxidants. Oxidative stress is understood as a lack of balance between the pro-oxidant …

During the last few decades, the micronutrient zinc has proven to be an important metal ion
for a well-functioning immune system, and thus also for a suitable immune defense …

Cadmium (Cd) is a significant ecotoxic heavy metal that adversely affects all biological
processes of humans, animals and plants. Exposure to acute and chronic Cd damages …

Copper is an important trace element that is required for essential enzymes. However, due
to its redox activity, copper can also lead to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) 1− 3 is the most common form of dementia (estimated∼ 50− 60%
of all cases), associated with loss of memory (in particular episodic memory), cognitive …

Zinc and cellular oxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) each participate in a
multitude of physiological functions. There is considerable overlap between the affected …

The persistence of heavy metals (HMs) in the environment causes adverse effects to all
living organisms; HMs accumulate along the food chain affecting different levels of biological …

The skin is the third most zinc (Zn)-abundant tissue in the body. The skin consists of the
epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, and each fraction is composed of various types …

Copper is an essential trace metal element that significantly affects human physiology and
pathology by regulating various important biological processes, including mitochondrial …

Copper is an essential trace metal that is required for the catalysis of several important
cellular enzymes. However, since an excess of copper can also harm cells due to its …