Background Exosomes are progressively known as significant mediators of cell-to-cell
communication. They convey active biomolecules to target cells and have vital functions in …

Dendritic cells (DCs) exhibit a specialized antigen-presenting function and play crucial roles
in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Due to their ability to cross-present tumor …

Exosomes are vesicles encompassed by a lipid bilayer that are released by various living
cells. Exosomal proteins are encapsulated within the membrane or embedded on the …

Exosomes have a crucial role in intercellular communication and mediate interactions
between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Exosome-encapsulated …

Exosomal circRNA serves a novel genetic information molecule, facilitating communication
between tumor cells and microenvironmental cells, such as immune cells, fibroblasts, and …

Although stem cell-based therapy has demonstrated considerable potential to manage
certain diseases more successfully than conventional surgery, it nevertheless comes with …

Cancer vaccines have emerged as a powerful new tool for cancer immunotherapy.
Adjuvants are vaccine ingredients that enhance the strength, velocity, and duration of the …

Exosome application has emerged as a promising nanotechnology discipline for various
diseases therapeutics and diagnoses. Owing to the natural properties of efficient drug …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a progressive new pillar in immune cell
therapy for cancer. It has yielded remarkable clinical responses in patients with B-cell …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by most cell types as part of an intracellular
communication system in crucial processes such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and …