Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex condition with a heterogeneous
presentation. Current diagnosis is primarily based on subjective experience and observer …

The brain noradrenergic system supplies the neurotransmitter norepinephrine throughout
the brain via widespread efferent projections, and plays a pivotal role in modulating …

Extensive neuropathological studies have established a compelling link between
abnormalities in structure and function of subcortical monoaminergic (MA-ergic) systems …

Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are among the core symptoms of the disease, correlate
with functional outcome, and are not well treated with current antipsychotic therapies. In …

The noradrenaline (norepinephrine) system exerts profound influences on cognition via
ascending projections to the forebrain, mostly originating from the locus coeruleus. This …

Although substantial advances have been made in behavioral and pharmacological
treatments for addictions, moving treatment development to the next stage may require novel …

Background No medications have been proven to be effective for cocaine and
methamphetamine addiction. Attenuation of drug reward has been the main strategy for …

Investigating how different pharmacological compounds may enhance learning, memory,
and higher-order cognitive functions in laboratory animals is the first critical step toward the …

Neurofibromatosis Type I (NF1) is a single-gene disorder characterized by a high incidence
of complex cognitive symptoms, including learning disabilities, attention deficit disorder …

Atomoxetine (ATM) is a potent norepinephrine (NE) uptake inhibitor and increases both NE
and dopamine synaptic levels in prefrontal cortex, where it is thought to exert its beneficial …