Recent years have witnessed a gradual increase in the bioavailability and groundwater
leaching of toxic heavy metals (HMs) in the environment, driven mainly by anthropogenic …

MicroR159 (miR159) is ancient, being present in the majority of land plants where it targets
a class of regulatory genes called GAMYB or GAMYB-like via highly conserved miR159 …

Taxon-specific small RNA loci are widespread in eukaryotic genomes, yet their role in
lineage-specific adaptation, phenotypic diversification, and speciation is poorly understood …

Rye (Secale cereale L.) is an exceptionally climate-resilient cereal crop, used extensively to
produce improved wheat varieties via introgressive hybridization and possessing the entire …

Rhizobial infection and root nodule formation in legumes require recognition of signal
molecules produced by the bacteria and their hosts. Here, we show that rhizobial transfer …

Genome packaging by nucleosomes is a hallmark of eukaryotes. Histones and the pathways
that deposit, remove, and read histone modifications are deeply conserved. Yet, we lack …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that function as diverse
endogenous gene regulators at the post-transcriptional level. In the past two decades, as …

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important enzyme that acts as the first line of protection in
the plant antioxidant defense system, involved in eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) …

The pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) gene family play important roles in the plant
metabolism in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study aimed genome …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a distinct groups of single-stranded non-coding, tiny regulatory
RNAs approximately 20–24 nucleotides in length. miRNAs negatively influence gene …