The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor for arterial respiratory gases O2
and CO2 and pH, eliciting reflex ventilatory, cardiovascular, and humoral responses to …

Organ injury and impairment are commonly observed in patients with acute heart failure
(AHF), and congestion is an essential pathophysiological mechanism of impaired organ …

Most of the current heart failure (HF) prevention or management programs assume that
cardiovascular decompensations are primarily driven by volume overload that result in …

Cardiovascular autonomic imbalance, a cardinal phenotype of human heart failure, has
adverse implications for symptoms during wakefulness and sleep; for cardiac, renal, and …

Peripheral chemosensitivity is clinically assessed by measuring the ventilatory response,
changes of muscle sympathetic nerve activity, or physiological changes in heart rate or …

The chemoreflexes are important modulators of sympathetic activation. The peripheral
chemoreceptors located in the carotid bodies respond primarily to hypoxaemia. Central …

Background—It is well established that a depressed baroreflex sensitivity may adversely
influence the prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and in those with …

Background—In patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and preserved exercise tolerance,
the value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing for risk stratification is not known. Elevated …

Objective To investigate whether breathing more slowly modifies the sensitivity of the
chemoreflex and baroreflex. Design Setting University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo …

Background—The six-minute walk test (6MWT) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing
(CPET) are the 2 testing modalities most broadly used for assessing functional limitation in …