Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is an underappreciated risk of using cannabis that affects~
10% of the 193 million cannabis users worldwide. The individual and public health burdens …

The view that substance addiction is a brain disease, although widely accepted in the
neuroscience community, has become subject to acerbic criticism in recent years. These …

Tobacco and alcohol use are heritable behaviours associated with 15% and 5.3% of
worldwide deaths, respectively, due largely to broad increased risk for disease and injury …

The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis, a
balance in internal environment (temperature, mood, and immune system) and energy input …

We propose an updated version of the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-
PACE) model, which we argue to be valid for several types of addictive behaviors, such as …

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder that, whilst initially driven by
activation of brain reward neurocircuits, increasingly engages anti-reward neurocircuits that …

Tobacco and alcohol use are leading causes of mortality that influence risk for many
complex diseases and disorders. They are heritable, and etiologically related, behaviors that …

Interventions to address the US opioid crisis primarily target opioid use, misuse, and
addiction, but because the opioid crisis includes multiple substances, the opioid specificity of …

Drug consumption is driven by a drug's pharmacological effects, which are experienced as
rewarding, and is influenced by genetic, developmental, and psychosocial factors that …

Importance More than 42 000 Americans died of opioid overdoses in 2016, and the fatalities
continue to increase. This review analyzes the factors that triggered the opioid crisis and its …