Current modalities of diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, especially cancer have
major limitations such as poor sensitivity or specificity and drug toxicities respectively. Newer …

Although several nanomedicines got clinical approval over the past two decades, the clinical
translation rate is relatively small so far. There are many post-surveillance withdrawals of …

Since the discovery of liposomes or lipid vesicles derived from self‐forming enclosed lipid
bilayers upon hydration, liposome drug delivery systems have played a significant role in …

Hepatic fibrosis is a wound-healing process that occurs when the liver is injured chronically.
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are responsible for the excess production of extracellular matrix …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by cells to mediate intercellular communication
under pathological and physiological conditions. While small EVs (sEVs;< 100–200 nm …

Protamine is a natural cationic peptide mixture mostly known as a drug for the neutralization
of heparin and as a compound in formulations of slow-release insulin. Protamine is also …

The serum protein fetuin-A is a potent systemic inhibitor of soft tissue calcification. Fetuin-A
is highly effective in the formation and stabilization of protein-mineral colloids, referred to as …

Introduction 3. Asialoglycoprotein receptor 3.1. Biology of asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-
R) 3.2. Carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) 3.3 Internalization of the ligands by ASGP …

Potential problems with the use of viral vectors for gene therapy necessitate the
development of efficient nonviral vectors. The association of transferrin, or the pH-sensitive …

The amino acid homopolymers, poly-l-lysine and poly-l-ornithine, have been modified by the
covalent attachment of palmitoyl and methoxypoly (ethylene glycol)(mPEG) residues to …