The proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are the downstream
components of a phosphorelay pathway that conveys growth and mitogenic signals largely …

Malignant melanoma is notorious for its inter-and intratumour heterogeneity, based on
transcriptionally distinct melanoma cell phenotypes. It is thought that these distinct …

Disseminated cancer cells from primary tumours can seed in distal tissues, but may take
several years to form overt metastases, a phenomenon that is termed tumour dormancy …

Many patients with advanced cancers achieve dramatic responses to a panoply of
therapeutics yet retain minimal residual disease (MRD), which ultimately results in relapse …

All transcription factors are equal, but some are more equal than others. In the 25 yr since
the gene encoding the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was first …

WNT-signaling controls important cellular processes throughout embryonic development
and adult life, so any deregulation of this signaling can result in a wide range of pathologies …

Melanoma is characterised by its ability to metastasise at early stages of tumour
development. Current clinico‐pathologic staging based on the American Joint Committee on …

Certain transcription factors have vital roles in lineage development, including specification
of cell types and control of differentiation. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor …

Once melanomas have progressed with acquired resistance to mitogen-activated protein
kinase (MAPK)-targeted therapy, mutational heterogeneity presents a major challenge. We …

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is an important regulator of
melanogenesis and melanocyte development. Although it has been studied extensively in …