Disadvantageous decision‐making and impaired volitional control over actions, thoughts,
and emotions are characteristics of a wide range of mental disorders such as addiction …

Craving is recognized as an important diagnosis criterion for substance use disorders
(SUDs) and a predictive factor of relapse. Various methods to study craving exist; however …

Addiction has generally been characterized as a chronic relapsing condition (Leshner,
1999). Several laboratory, preclinical, and clinical studies have provided evidence that …

Based on similarities between overconsumption of food and addictive drugs, there is
increasing interest in “food addiction,” a compulsive eating pattern defined using symptoms …

Through sequential waves of drug-induced neurochemical stimulation, addiction co-opts the
brain's neuronal circuits that mediate reward, motivation to behavioral inflexibility and a …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method of brain stimulation used
to treat a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, but is still in the early stages of study as …

Every decision we make is accompanied by a sense of confidence about its likely outcome.
This sense informs subsequent behavior, such as investing more—whether time, effort, or …

The primary defining characteristic of a diagnosis of an eating disorder (ED) is the
“disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior that results in the altered consumption or …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are highly prevalent and exact a large toll on individuals'
health, well‐being, and social functioning. Long‐lasting changes in brain networks involved …

Cognitive control refers to the internal representation, maintenance, and updating of context
information in the service of exerting control over thoughts and behavior. Deficits in cognitive …