Vascular calcification (VC), which is categorized by intimal and medial calcification,
depending on the site (s) involved within the vessel, is closely related to cardiovascular …

Vascular calcification is associated with a significant increase in all-cause mortality and
atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Calcification has been determined to be an active process …

Kidney stones are mineral deposits in the renal calyces and pelvis that are found free or
attached to the renal papillae. They contain crystalline and organic components and are …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk of premature mortality,
mainly from cardiovascular causes. The association between CKD on hemodialysis and …

Safar et al Hypertension and Arterial Stiffness 797 amplification, though it actually refers to a
pressure waveform distortion rather than an amplification, the latter erroneously implying an …

Vascular calcifications (VCs) are actively regulated biological processes associated with
crystallization of hydroxyapatite in the extracellular matrix and in cells of the media (VCm) or …

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are involved in phenotypic switching in
atherosclerosis. This switching is characterized by VSMC dedifferentiation, migration, and …

The metabolically active and perpetually remodeling calcium phosphate–based
endoskeleton in terrestrial vertebrates sets the demands on whole-organism calcium and …

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a challenge frequently encountered in the
management of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Downregulation of the …

Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure,
arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death represent main causes of morbidity and mortality in …