In the field of antibiotherapy, intracellular infections remain difficult to eradicate mainly due to
the poor intracellular penetration of most of the commonly used antibiotics. Bacteria have …

Bacterial pneumonia is the leading cause of death worldwide among all infectious diseases.
However, currently available vaccines against fatal bacterial lung infections, eg, pneumonic …

Introduction Socioeconomic inequalities affecting health are of major importance in Europe.
The literature enhances the role of social determinants of health, such as socioeconomic …

Many pathogens that can cause major public health, economic, and social damage are
relatively easily accessible and could be used as biological weapons. Wildlife is a natural …

Earlier, we reported that three Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs,
trifluoperazine (TFP; an antipsychotic), amoxapine (AXPN; an antidepressant), and …

Efforts to understand the differential mortality caused by plague must account for many
factors, including human immune responses. In this essay we are particularly interested in …

Pathogens are recognized by hosts by use of various receptors, including the Toll-like
receptor (TLR) and Nod-like receptor (NLR) families. Ligands for these varied receptors …

The lead candidate plague subunit vaccine is the recombinant fusion protein rF1-V
adjuvanted with alum. While alum generates Th 2 regulated robust humoral responses …

We conducted a comprehensive, multiphase laboratory evaluation of the Plague BioThreat
Alert®(BTA) test, a lateral flow immunoassay (LFA), for the rapid detection of Yersinia pestis …

Numerous Gram-negative pathogens rely upon type III secretion (T3S) systems to cause
disease. Several small-molecule inhibitors of the type III secretion systems have been …