Fear of predation is a universal motivator. Because predators hunt using stealth and
surprise, there is a widespread ability among prey to assess risk from chemical information …

In animal behaviour, there is a dichotomy between innate behaviours (eg, temperament or
personality traits) versus those behaviours shaped by learning. Innate personality traits are …

The activity level is a fundamental metric of animal behavior, related to the avoidance of
predators, food acquisition, and thermoregulation. Animals need to weigh their activity …

The ability to avoid predators is crucial to wild prey animals' survival. Potential danger is
signalled, among others, by the presence of predator scents. These odors are used in …

In nature, animals are exposed to a broad range of threats imposed by predators, which may
strongly influence the ecology of prey species directly or indirectly by affecting their behavior …

Predation is an unavoidable and dangerous fact in the lifetime of prey animals and some
sign of the proximity of a predator may be enough to trigger a response in the prey. We …

Prey may have ontogenetic experience, evolutionary experience, or both types of
experiences with their predators and how such experiences influences their ability to identify …

Background Mammals, globally, are facing population declines. Protecting and breeding
threatened populations inside predator-free havens and translocating them back to the wild …

Predation risk avoidance can be of crucial relevance for prey species like the European
rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). We evaluated whether the potential predation risk induced by …

Live trapping is an essential element of field ecological studies. However, the act of trapping
provides two types of conditional benefits (food from the bait when hungry, and refuge from a …