The closure of the late Neogene interoceanic seaways between the Western Atlantic (WA)
and Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP)—commonly referred to as the Central American Seaway …

It has been suggested that language disorders can serve as real windows onto language
evolution. We examine this claim in this paper. We see ourselves forced to qualify three …

Background Do evolutionary specializations lead to evolutionary constraint? This appears
plausible, particularly when specialization leads to loss of complex adaptations. In the owl …

Background While eukaryotes primarily evolve by duplication-divergence expansion (and
reduction) of their own gene repertoire with only rare horizontal gene transfers, prokaryotes …

The chasmothecial appendages of Erysiphaceae are considered to function in the
overwintering strategy and evolve morphologically in line with transitions of different host …

Most xenarthrans have a reduced and simplified dentition that lacks enamel. However, the
presence of prismatic enamel has been recorded in the Eocene armadillos Utaetus …

Background Revised by Bond and Platnick in 2007, the trapdoor spider genus
Myrmekiaphila comprises 11 species. Species delimitation and placement within one of …

The mode of development of marine invertebrates has major effects on dispersal and
population structure. Species without a feeding larval stage (direct developers) are generally …

Background As predicted by theory, traits associated with reproduction often evolve at a
comparatively high speed. This is especially the case for courtship behaviour which plays a …

The stomach, which is characterized by acid peptic digestion in vertebrates, has been lost
secondarily multiple times in the evolution of the teleost fishes. The Cypriniformes are …