Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, is
involved in innate immunity and mediates inflammatory responses by recognizing …

Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infections that causes life-
threatening organ dysfunction and even death. When infections occur, bacterial cell wall …

Sepsis-induced AKI (acute kidney injury) is considered an inflammation-related disease with
high mortality. LPS-induced (Lipopolysaccharide) TLR4-NFκB pathway activation plays an …

Chronic inflammation is associated with the development and progression of several
noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney …

Kidney disease is a significant health problem worldwide, affecting an estimated 10% of the
global population. Kidney disease encompasses a diverse group of disorders that vary in …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical condition associated with increased incidence
and mortality rates. Hederasaponin C (HSC) is one of the main active components of …

The innate immune system is a primary protective line in our body. It confers its protection
through different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), especially toll like receptors (TLRs) …

Increasing antibiotic resistance to bacterial infections causes a serious threat to human
health. Efficient detection and treatment strategies are the keys to preventing and reducing …

Human exposures to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been linked
to several diseases associated with adverse health outcomes. Animal studies have been …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of rhabdomyolysis (RM), a syndrome
characterized by skeletal muscle damage resulting in renal tubular oxidative stress …