The hedgehog (Hh) family comprises sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and
desert hedgehog (Dhh), which are versatile signaling molecules involved in a wide …

Arguably the most defining moment in our lives is fertilization, the point at which we inherit
either an X or a Y chromosome from our father. The profoundly different journeys of male …

Background Disorders of sex development (DSD) are congenital conditions in which
chromosomal, gonadal, or phenotypic sex is atypical. Clinical management of DSD is often …

The reproductive endocrine systems are vastly different between males and females. This
sexual dimorphism of the endocrine milieu originates from sex-specific differentiation of the …

Formerly known as' intersex'conditions, disorders of sex development (DSDs) are congenital
conditions in which chromosomal, gonadal or anatomical sex is atypical. A complete …

Disorders of sex development (DSD) are congenital conditions in which the development of
chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Many of the genes required for gonad …

Sex steroids are crucial regulators of sexual differentiation and the proper development of
secondary sex characteristics and patterns of sexual behavior. Since Leydig cells are the …

The insulin-like family of growth factors (IGFs)–composed of insulin, and insulin-like growth
factors I (IGF1) and II (IGF2)–provides essential signals for the control of testis development …

As the mammalian embryo develops, it must engage one of the two distinct programmes of
gene activity, morphogenesis and organogenesis that characterize males and females. In …

The development of any organ system requires a complex interplay of cellular signals to
initiate the differentiation and development of the heterogeneous cell and tissue types …