The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is not a simple sheet of lipids and proteins but is
differentiated into subdomains with crucial functions. Caveolae, small pits in the plasma …

Reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species, referred to as ROS, RNS, and RSS,
respectively, are produced during normal cell function and in response to various stimuli. An …

Caveolae are submicroscopic, plasma membrane pits that are abundant in many
mammalian cell types. The past few years have seen a quantum leap in our understanding …

The plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells contains microdomains that are enriched in
certain glycosphingolipids, gangliosides, and sterols (such as cholesterol) to form …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are seven transmembrane proteins that form the
largest single family of integral membrane receptors. GPCRs transduce information provided …

The pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins of plants have originally been identified as proteins
that are strongly induced upon biotic and abiotic stress. These proteins fall into 17 distinct …

In the past five years, skeletal muscle has emerged as a paradigm of “nitric oxide”(NO)
function and redox-related signaling in biology. All major nitric oxide synthase (NOS) …

Mechanical forces are important modulators of cellular function in many tissues and are
particularly important in the cardiovascular system. The endothelium, by virtue of its unique …

Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesised from l-arginine by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS). The
complex reaction involves the transfer of electrons from NADPH, via the flavins FAD and …

Among the membrane compartments of a cell, vesicles known as “caveolae” have long
defied functional characterization. However, since the identification of a family of proteins …