Background Current evidence supports that inflammatory reaction in the hippocampus is a
potential cause of major depressive disorder (MDD). Perilla aldehyde (PAH), a major …

The wide spectrum of disruptions that characterizes major depressive disorder (MDD) and
bipolar disorder (BD) highlights the difficulties researchers are posed with as they try to …

Early life adversity (ELA) is a risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD), however the
underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Clinical studies suggest that negative …

This field study tested the hypothesis that domestic horses living under putatively
challenging-to-welfare conditions (for example involving social, spatial, feeding constraints) …

The diagnosis of a mental disorder generally depends on clinical observations and
phenomenological symptoms reported by the patient. The definition of a given diagnosis is …

Comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms in chronic pain are a common health problem,
but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previously, we have demonstrated that …

Mood disorders represent one of society's most costly and challenging health burdens. The
drug treatments used today were initially discovered serendipitously in the 1950s. Animal …

HPA axis activity is often measured by corticosteroid release as a means to evaluate stress
and well-being in animals. While the analysis of corticosteroid levels can provide useful …

Depression is one of the main diseases that lead to disability and loss of ability to work. As a
traditional Chinese medicine, Zhi-zi-chi decoction is utilized to regulate and improve …

Chronic, in particular chronic psychosocial, stress is a burden of modern societies and
known to be a risk factor for numerous somatic and affective disorders (in detail referenced …