Highlights•Optimism and pessimism can be defined operationally, and hence applied to non-
human animals.•Optimism is defined as a higher expectation of reward or a lower …

Moods are enduring affective states that we hypothesise should be affected by an
individual's developmental experience and its current somatic state. We tested whether early …

Interest in the therapeutic potential of serotonergic psychedelic compounds including
psilocybin has surged in recent years. While human clinical research suggests psilocybin …

Human decision making is modified by emotional state. Rodents exhibit similar biases
during interpretation of ambiguous cues that can be altered by affective state manipulations …

Rationale Unconditioned tasks in rodents have been the mainstay of behavioural
assessment for decades, but their validity and sensitivity to detect the behavioural …

Abstract Ginsenoside (GS Rg1), which has neuroprotection and anti-inflammation activities,
is the main active ingredient of Radix Ginseng. However, its antidepressant-like effect in rats …

The cognitive bias model of animal welfare assessment is informed by studies with humans
demonstrating that the interaction between emotion and cognition can be detected using …

Background and Purpose Predicting the risk of drug‐induced adverse psychiatric effects is
important but currently not possible in non‐human species. We investigated whether the …

Loss of pleasure (clinically referred to as anhedonia), impairments in other reward-related
processes such as reward learning, motivation, and reward valuation, and blunted affect …

Social conflict is a predominant stressor in humans and is associated with increased risk for
developing psychological illnesses including depression and anxiety. Overwhelmingly …