Histamine is a developmentally highly conserved autacoid found in most vertebrate tissues.
Its physiological functions are mediated by four 7-transmembrane G protein–coupled …

For much of the past century, drug discovery relied largely on the use of animal models of
disease as the first-line screens for testing the compounds produced by medicinal chemists …

Pharmacotherapy is often severely hindered by issues related to poor drug selectivity,
including side effects, environmental toxicity, and the emergence of resistance. Lack of …

▪ Abstract Opioid receptors belong to the large superfamily of seven transmembrane-
spanning (7TM) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). As a class, GPCRs are of …

Increasingly, it is being recognised that a balanced modulation of several targets can
provide a superior therapeutic effect and side effect profile compared to the action of a …

Cell‐surface receptors acquire information from the extracellular environment and
coordinate intracellular responses. Many receptors do not operate as individual entities, but …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent by far the largest class of targets for modern
drugs. Virtually all therapeutics that are directed towards GPCRs have been designed using …

Major depression is a debilitating and recurrent disorder with a substantial lifetime risk and a
high social cost. Depressed patients generally display co-morbid symptoms, and depression …

Opiates such as morphine are the choice analgesic in the treatment of chronic pain.
However their long-term use is limited because of the development of tolerance and …

It has been widely recognised over the recent years that parallel modulation of multiple
biological targets can be beneficial for treatment of diseases with complex etiologies such as …