The most common human viruses have different abilities to establish persistent chronic
infection. Virus‐specific T‐cell responses are critical in the control of virus replication and in …

Today, breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer among women. It accounts for
22% of all female cancers and the estimated annual incidence of breast cancer worldwide is …

In persistent viral infections, the host's immune system is challenged by the constant
exposure to antigen, potentially causing continuous activation of CD8+ T cells with …

The hypothesis that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) play a role in autoimmune
diseases is subject to increasing attention. HERVs represent both putative susceptibility …

In humans, exogenous retroviruses are known to cause immunodeficiency and neurological
disease. While endogenous retroviruses are firmly established pathogens in other species …

Retroviral infection is associated with a number of pathologic abnormalities, including a
variety of cancers, immunologic diseases, and neurologic disorders. Shortly after its …

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) establishes persistent infection and is
associated with lymphoproliferative or neurodegenerative diseases. As a complex retrovirus …

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic human retrovirus which
causes a lifelong infection. An estimated 5–10 million persons are infected with HTLV-1 …

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the agent of an aggressive malignancy of
CD4+ T lymphocytes, called adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia, and is associated with …

The primary mode of infection by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is cell-to-cell
transmission during contact between infected cells and target cells. Cell-free HTLV-1 …