Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process that eliminates molecules and subcellular
elements, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and organelles, via lysosome-mediated …

The endothelium is a single layer of epithelium covering the surface of the vascular system,
and it represents a physical barrier between the blood and vessel wall that plays an …

Currently, pyroptosis has received more and more attention because of its association with
innate immunity and disease. The research scope of pyroptosis has expanded with the …

The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic proportions, and now approximately 25%
of adults in Westernized countries have obesity. Recognized as a major health concern …

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2), results in life-threatening disease in a minority of patients, especially elderly …

Abstract The NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is
a multiprotein complex involved in the release of mature interleukin-1β and triggering of …

Inflammasomes are cytosolic innate immune complexes that activate caspase-1 following
detection of pathogenic and endogenous dangers,,,–, and NACHT-, leucine-rich repeat …

Copper is a vital mineral, and an optimal amount of copper is required to support normal
physiologic processes in various systems, including the cardiovascular system. Over the …

Inflammation is a key driver in many pathological conditions such as allergy, cancer,
Alzheimer's disease, and many others, and the current state of available drugs prompted …

Macrophages exposed to inflammatory stimuli including LPS undergo metabolic
reprogramming to facilitate macrophage effector function. This metabolic reprogramming …