Cancer is a complex disease that causes abnormal genetic changes and unchecked cellular
growth. It also causes a disruption in the normal regulatory processes that leads to the …

The present review aimed to establish an understanding of the pathophysiology of
leptomeningeal disease as it relates to late-stage development among different cancer …

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), also called CD279, is coded by the PDCD1 gene
and is constitutively expressed on the surface of immune cells. As a receptor and immune …

Immunotherapy is considered a major breakthrough in the treatment of small cell lung
cancer (SCLC), although its anti-tumor efficacy is limited. With a high degree of malignancy …

Background Exosomes are a new class of molecular entities in the metastatic
microenvironment, which can mediate bidirectional communication between cells. While …

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading cancer killers. Apigenin (Api) and
Naringenin (Nar) are natural bioactive substances obtained in various vegetables and fruits …

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is renowned for its aggressive and highly metastatic
nature. In recent years, there has been a surge in interest regarding the therapeutic potential …

Cancer is one of the most serious malignant diseases, and chemotherapy is cancer's main
clinical treatment method. However, chemotherapy inevitably produces drug resistance, and …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Si Jun Zi decoction (SJZT) is a traditional Chinese
medicine (TCM) formula with the effect of invigorating the spleen qi and replenishing qi …

Background KRAS mutation is a common driver of NSCLC, and there is a high proportion of
lung cancer patients with KRAS G12C and G12D mutation. KRAS was previously …