Blood-derived biomarkers for brain and spinal cord diseases are urgently needed. The
introduction of highly sensitive immunoassays led to a rapid increase in the number of …

Astrocytes are neural parenchymal cells that ubiquitously tile the central nervous system
(CNS). In addition to playing essential roles in healthy tissue, astrocytes exhibit an …

Astroglia are a broad class of neural parenchymal cells primarily dedicated to homoeostasis
and defence of the central nervous system (CNS). Astroglia contribute to the …

Traumatic spinal cord injury results in severe and irreversible loss of function. The injury
triggers a complex cascade of inflammatory and pathological processes, culminating in …

Stroke, including acute ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage, results in neuronal
cell death and the release of factors such as damage-associated molecular patterns …

Astrocytes play key roles in the regulation of brain energy metabolism, which has a major
impact on brain functions, including memory, neuroprotection, resistance to oxidative stress …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly of greater severity (ie, moderate to severe), has
been identified as a risk factor for all-cause dementia and Parkinson's disease, with risk for …

Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and disability, with a
considerable socioeconomic burden. Heterogeneity of pathoanatomical subtypes and …

The'silent epidemic'of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been placed in the spotlight as a result
of clinical investigations and popular press coverage of athletes and veterans with single or …