Addiction is commonly identified with habitual nonmedical self-administration of drugs. It is
usually defined by characteristics of intoxication or by characteristics of withdrawal …

Nucleus accumbens dopamine is known to play a role in motivational processes, and
dysfunctions of mesolimbic dopamine may contribute to motivational symptoms of …

The activity of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons promotes behavioral
responses to rewards and environmental stimuli that predict them. VTA GABA inputs …

Addictive drugs are habit-forming. Addiction is a learned behavior; repeated exposure to
addictive drugs can stamp in learning. Dopamine-depleted or dopamine-deleted animals …

What roles do mesolimbic and neostriatal dopamine systems play in reward? Do they
mediate the hedonic impact of rewarding stimuli? Do they mediate hedonic reward learning …

Since its first edition, An Introduction to Theories of Learning has provided a uniquely
sweeping review of the major learning theories from the 20th century that profoundly …

Anatomical and functional refinements of the meso-limbic dopamine system of the rat are
discussed. Present experiments suggest that dopaminergic neurons localized in the …

Studies addressing behavioral functions of dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens septi
(NAS) are reviewed. A role of NAS DA in reward has long been suggested. However, some …

Feeding provides substrate for energy metabolism, which is vital to the survival of every
living animal and therefore is subject to intense regulation by brain homeostatic and hedonic …

Why have people from different cultures and eras formulated myths and stories with similar
structures? What does this similarity tell us about the mind, morality, and structure of the …