Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators have a wide range of key roles throughout the
nervous system. However, their dynamics in both health and disease have been challenging …

The genetically encoded fluorescent sensors convert chemical and physical signals into
light. They are powerful tools for the visualisation of physiological processes in living cells …

As the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), microglia orchestrate
immune responses and dynamically sculpt neural circuits in the CNS. Microglial dysfunction …

Genetically encoded indicators engineered from G-protein-coupled receptors are important
tools that enable high-resolution in vivo neuromodulator imaging. Here, we introduce a …

A fundamental challenge in fluorescence microscopy is the photon shot noise arising from
the inevitable stochasticity of photon detection. Noise increases measurement uncertainty …

Oxytocin (OT), a peptide hormone and neuromodulator, is involved in diverse physiological
and pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system and the periphery …

Recent advances in fluorescence imaging permit large-scale recording of neural activity and
dynamics of neurochemical release with unprecedented resolution in behaving animals …

The purinergic signaling molecule adenosine (Ado) modulates many physiological and
pathological functions in the brain. However, the exact source of extracellular Ado remains …

Astrocytes play a crucial role in regulating sleep–wake behavior, and adenosine signaling is
generally thought to be involved. Here we show multiple lines of evidence supporting that …

Fiber photometry is a key technique for characterizing brain-behavior relationships in vivo.
Initially, it was primarily used to report calcium dynamics as a proxy for neural activity via …