Elite athletic competitions have separate male and female events due to men's physical
advantages in strength, speed, and endurance so that a protected female category with …

Importance The initial clinical sign of pubertal onset in girls is breast gland development
(thelarche). Although numerous studies have used recalled age at menarche (first …

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised huge concerns for the mental health of an entire
generation of children. But the pandemic may represent only the tip of a mental health …

Hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons serve as the nodal regulatory centre of reproductive
function. These neurons are subjected to a plethora of regulatory factors that ultimately affect …

The discovery of kisspeptin as a critical central regulatory factor of GnRH release has given
people a novel understanding of the neuroendocrine regulation in human reproduction …

The classic definition of precocious sexual maturation is the development of secondary
sexual characteristics before 8 years of age in girls and before 9 years of age in boys. It is …

Background Early puberty is a risk indicator for adult diseases. Identification of modifiable
causes of earlier puberty is, therefore, warranted. We estimate the association between …

The anterior pituitary gland plays a central role in regulating various physiological
processes, including body growth, reproduction, metabolism and stress response. Here, we …

Importance Biological sex and sociocultural gender represent major sources of diversity
among patients, and recent research has shown the association of sex and gender with …

The identification of loss-of-function mutations in MKRN3 in patients with central precocious
puberty in association with the decrease in MKRN3 expression in the medial basal …