The skin is a complex organ that has devised numerous strategies, such as physical,
chemical, and microbiological barriers, to protect the host from external insults. In addition …

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that show strong cytolytic function against
physiologically stressed cells such as tumor cells and virus-infected cells. NK cells show a …

Rare immune-mediated cardiac tissue inflammation can occur after vaccination, including
after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. However, the underlying immune cellular and molecular …

The past decade of cancer research has been marked by a growing appreciation of the role
of immunity in cancer. Mutations in the tumour genome can cause tumours to express …

Natural killer (NK) cells are the prototype innate lymphoid cells endowed with potent cytolytic
function that provide host defence against microbial infection and tumours. Here, we review …

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious therapeutic challenge and targeted
therapies only provide a modest benefit in terms of overall survival. Novel approaches are …

Tumor hypoxia resulting from abnormal and dysfunctional tumor vascular network poses a
substantial obstacle to immunotherapy. In fact, hypoxia creates an immunosuppressive …

Antitumor T cells either avoid or are inhibited in hypoxic and extracellular adenosine-rich
tumor microenvironments (TMEs) by A2A adenosine receptors. This may limit further …

During viral infections, significant numbers of T cells are activated in a T cell receptor-
independent and cytokine-dependent manner, a phenomenon referred to as “bystander …

Abstract Venetoclax, a Bcl-2 inhibitor, in combination with the hypomethylating agent
azacytidine, achieves complete remission with or without count recovery in∼ 70% of …