Coccidiosis is a ubiquitous intestinal protozoan infection of poultry seriously impairing the
growth and feed utilization of infected animals. Conventional disease control strategies rely …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that are an important
link between innate and adaptive immunity. Many vaccines incorporate ligands for TLRs as …

Developing an effective vaccine against neosporosis presents several interesting
challenges. The parasite is spread efficiently from mother to foetus over several generations …

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG sequences are recognized as a
“danger” signal by the immune system of mammals. As a consequence, CpG ODN stimulate …

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an economically important highly contagious disease of
swine worldwide. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is its etiological agent, and the only …

CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) are potent immune stimuli currently under
investigation as antimicrobial agents for different species. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 and …

The protozoan parasites Eimeria spp. Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are
significant causes of disease in livestock worldwide and T. gondii is also an important …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern-recognition receptors that detect a wide variety of
microbial pathogens for the initiation of host defense immunological responses. Thirteen …

Nucleotide composition varies greatly among DNA viruses of animals, yet the evolutionary
pressures and biological mechanisms driving these patterns are unclear. One of the most …

Antibodies protect us from a wide range of infectious diseases and cancers and have
become an indispensable tool in science—both for conventional immune response research …